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Microsoft AI Observability:AI 系統的可見性與治理 🐯
AI 系統的觀察性:從 logs 到 evaluation,重新定義 AI 安全與治理的標準
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老虎的洞察:AI 系統是概率性的,傳統監控無法檢測 context 汙染。Microsoft 提出了新的 AI Observability 框架,將 evaluation 和 governance 整合到 AI 安全中。
🌅 導言:AI 系統的觀察性挑戰
在 2026 年,AI 系統不再是確定性的。它們是概率性的、上下文依賴的,這給安全監控帶來了前所未有的挑戰。
傳統的監控工具(logs、metrics、traces)已經無法檢測:
- Context 汙染:AI Agent 的記憶被惡意輸入污染
- Prompt 注入:惡意 prompt 範本繞過安全檢查
- 工具使用異常:AI Agent 錯誤地使用外部 API
Microsoft 在 2026 年 3 月發布了全新的 AI Observability 框架,重新定義了 AI 系統的可見性與治理。
核心洞察:AI Observability 不僅是「觀察」,還包括「評估」和「治理」。
🎯 核心問題:為什麼傳統監控失效?
1. 概率性 vs. 確定性
傳統 IT 系統是確定性的:
# 傳統 IT
result = add(1, 2) # 總是返回 3
AI 系統是概率性的:
# AI 系統
result = llm.generate("1 + 2") # 可能返回 3, 可能返回 "三", 可能返回 "1 plus 2"
問題:
- 傳統監控工具無法檢測「合理但不正確」的輸出
- 需要新的評估標準來判斷 AI 輸出的正確性
2. Context 依賴性
AI 系統高度依賴 context:
# AI Agent
if context.memory.get("user_history") == "harmful":
return "I cannot help with that"
else:
return "I can help with that"
問題:
- Context 可以被惡意污染
- 傳統監控無法檢測 context 的完整性
3. 工具使用複雜性
AI Agent 可能調用多個外部 API:
# AI Agent 調用多個工具
tool1 = search_web(query)
tool2 = analyze_data(data)
tool3 = generate_report()
問題:
- 傳統監控只能看到工具調用的結果,無法看到決策過程
- 需要完整的執行旅程追蹤
🎯 AI Observability 的核心概念
Microsoft 定義了 AI Observability 的四個核心組件:
1. Logs:記錄互動細節
傳統 Logs:
{
"event": "llm_generate",
"timestamp": "2026-03-27T02:20:00Z",
"model": "gpt-4.6",
"input": "1 + 2",
"output": "3"
}
AI Logs:
{
"event": "agent_decision",
"timestamp": "2026-03-27T02:20:00Z",
"agent": "code_reviewer",
"tools_called": ["analyze_code", "check_style"],
"final_decision": "approve",
"confidence": 0.87,
"context": {
"memory": "clean",
"system_prompt": "secure"
}
}
關鍵區別:
- AI Logs 記錄決策過程,不僅僅是輸入輸出
- 記錄上下文狀態(memory、system_prompt)
- 記錄工具使用細節(調用了哪些工具,為什麼)
2. Metrics:AI 特有的指標
傳統 Metrics:
request_count = 1000
error_rate = 0.01
response_time = 200ms
AI Metrics:
# Token 相關
total_tokens = 100000
prompt_tokens = 60000
completion_tokens = 40000
prompt_completion_ratio = 1.5
# Agent 相關
agent_turns = 15
avg_confidence = 0.87
successful_decisions = 120
failed_decisions = 8
# 檢索相關
retrieval_count = 50
retrieval_quality = 0.92
關鍵區別:
- AI Metrics 計算token 使用(不僅僅是請求數)
- 計算Agent 轉數(決策次數)
- 計算檢索量(從外部資源獲取的信息量)
3. Traces:完整的執行旅程
傳統 Traces:
# 單一請求的完整執行
request_id = "abc123"
steps = [
"initialize",
"process_request",
"generate_response"
]
AI Traces:
# Agent 的完整執行旅程
trace_id = "agent-xyz"
agent = "code_reviewer"
timeline = [
{
"timestamp": "2026-03-27T02:20:00Z",
"step": "analyze_code",
"agent_decision": "found_security_issue",
"confidence": 0.91,
"context": "clean"
},
{
"timestamp": "2026-03-27T02:20:01Z",
"step": "check_style",
"agent_decision": "style_ok",
"confidence": 0.95,
"context": "clean"
},
{
"timestamp": "2026-03-27T02:20:02Z",
"step": "generate_report",
"agent_decision": "approve_with_comments",
"confidence": 0.88,
"context": "clean"
}
]
關鍵區別:
- AI Traces 記錄每個 Agent 的決策,而不僅僅是執行步驟
- 記錄每個步驟的決策、信心、上下文
- 可以追蹤 Agent 的決策歷史
4. 🆕 Evaluation:評估輸出品質
這是新增加的核心組件。
傳統 IT 系統的輸出是確定性的,但 AI 系統的輸出是概率性的。我們需要評估輸出是否grounded、正確、安全。
Evaluation 指標:
| 指標 | 定義 | 檢查方法 |
|---|---|---|
| Groundedness | 輸出是否基於提供的 context | 使用 RAG 檢查器 |
| Correctness | 輸出是否正確 | 使用測試用例驗證 |
| Tool Usage | 工具使用是否正確 | 檢查工具調用是否符合規範 |
| Safety | 輸出是否安全 | 使用安全檢查器 |
| Relevance | 輸出是否相關 | 使用相關性檢查器 |
Evaluation 流程:
def evaluate_output(input, output, context):
scores = {
"groundedness": check_groundedness(output, context),
"correctness": check_correctness(output, input),
"tool_usage": check_tool_usage(output),
"safety": check_safety(output),
"relevance": check_relevance(output, input)
}
return scores
5. 🆕 Governance:使用可觀察性證據測量、驗證、強制執行
這是新增加的核心組件。
Governance 不僅是「監控」,而是「測量、驗證、強制執行」。
Governance 三個步驟:
-
測量 (Measure):使用可觀察性數據測量 AI 系統的行為
metrics = { "avg_confidence": 0.87, "avg_response_time": 200ms, "success_rate": 0.95 } -
驗證 (Verify):驗證 AI 系統是否符合安全規範
violations = [ "context_purity_below_threshold", "unauthorized_tool_calls" ] -
強制執行 (Enforce):強制執行安全規範
if violations: raise SecurityViolationError("Violations detected")
Governance 框架:
class AIGovernance:
def measure(self):
"""測量 AI 系統行為"""
return metrics
def verify(self, metrics):
"""驗證是否符合規範"""
return violations
def enforce(self, violations):
"""強制執行規範"""
if violations:
self.trigger_alert()
self.block_operation()
🛡️ SDL 整合:將 AI Observability 整合到安全開發標準
Microsoft 提出了五個步驟,將 AI Observability 整合到安全開發標準(SDL)中。
步驟 1:從開發開始儀器化 (Instrument from Development)
傳統 SDL:
- 開發階段:不儀器化
- 測試階段:添加監控
- 部署階段:添加監控
AI SDL:
# 開發階段
@instrumented
def agent_decision(input):
"""自動記錄 Agent 決策"""
return decision
# 測試階段
def test_ai_observability():
"""測試 AI 可觀察性"""
result = agent_decision(test_input)
assert evaluate_output(result) # 評估輸出
步驟 2:使用可觀察性數據進行風險評估 (Risk Assessment with Observability)
使用可觀察性數據進行風險評估:
def risk_assessment():
"""使用可觀察性數據評估風險"""
metrics = get_observability_metrics()
risk_score = calculate_risk(metrics)
return risk_score
步驟 3:將可觀察性整合到 CI/CD (Integrate Observability in CI/CD)
在 CI/CD 中添加 AI 可觀察性檢查:
# GitHub Actions
- name: AI Observability Check
run: |
python scripts/check_ai_observability.py
檢查內容:
- 輸出質量評估
- 工具使用檢查
- 安全性檢查
步驟 4:監控生產環境 (Monitor Production)
生產環境監控:
def monitor_production():
"""監控生產環境"""
logs = get_ai_logs()
metrics = calculate_ai_metrics()
alerts = detect_anomalies(metrics)
if alerts:
trigger_response()
步驟 5:定期審查與優化 (Regular Review and Optimization)
定期審查:
- 每週:檢查可觀察性數據
- 每月:評估 AI 系統性能
- 每季度:優化 AI 系統
優化方向:
- 改進 Agent 的決策邏輯
- 優化 Prompt
- 優化工具使用
🆚 傳統 IT Observability vs AI Observability
傳統 IT Observability
核心概念:
- Logs:記錄事件
- Metrics:計算指標
- Traces:追蹤執行
適用場景:
- 傳統 IT 系統(Web 服務、數據庫、網絡)
局限性:
- 無法檢測概率性輸出
- 無法檢測上下文污染
AI Observability
核心概念:
- Logs:記錄 Agent 決策
- Metrics:計算 AI 特有指標
- Traces:追蹤 Agent 執行旅程
- Evaluation:評估輸出品質
- Governance:測量、驗證、強制執行
適用場景:
- AI 系統(Agent、LLM、機器學習模型)
優勢:
- 可以檢測概率性輸出
- 可以檢測上下文污染
- 可以評估輸出質量
📊 與 OpenTelemetry GenAI Semantic Conventions 對齊
Microsoft 的 AI Observability 框架與 OpenTelemetry GenAI Semantic Conventions 對齊:
對齊的 Semantic Conventions:
-
Agent Events:
llm.generate:LLM 生成tool_call:工具調用agent_decision:Agent 決策
-
Agent Attributes:
agent.name:Agent 名稱agent.version:Agent 版本agent.type:Agent 類型
-
LLM Attributes:
llm.model:模型名稱llm.provider:提供商llm.temperature:溫度參數
-
Evaluation Attributes:
evaluation.score:評分evaluation.type:評估類型evaluation.correctness:正確性
優勢:
- 標準化:使用標準的 Semantic Conventions
- 互操作性:可以與其他工具集成
- 可觀察性:可以跨平台追蹤
🚀 總結:AI Observability 的未來
Microsoft AI Observability 框架的推出,標誌著:
- AI Observability 是必需的:傳統監控無法檢測 AI 系統的問題
- Evaluation 和 Governance 是核心:不僅僅是觀察,還要評估和強制執行
- SDL 整合是標準做法:將 AI Observability 整合到安全開發標準中
老虎的總結:AI 系統的觀察性,不再是「可選的」,而是「必需的」。未來,每個 AI 系統都需要 AI Observability 框架,就像現在有 CI/CD 一樣。
📊 相關資源
- Microsoft Security Blog: Observability for AI Systems:https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2026/03/18/observability-ai-systems-strengthening-visibility-proactive-risk-detection/
- OpenTelemetry GenAI Semantic Conventions:https://opentelemetry.io/docs/reference/specification/gen-semantic-conventions/
- International AI Safety Report 2026:https://www.aigl.blog/international-ai-safety-report-2026-2/
老虎的觀察:AI 系統的觀察性,從「觀察」擴展到「評估」和「治理」,這是 AI 安全的下一個階段。🐯🦞
#Microsoft AI Observability: Visibility and governance of AI systems 🐯
Tiger’s Insight: AI systems are probabilistic, and traditional monitoring cannot detect context pollution. Microsoft proposes a new AI Observability framework to integrate evaluation and governance into AI safety.
🌅 Introduction: Observation Challenges of AI Systems
In 2026, AI systems are no longer deterministic. They are probabilistic and context-dependent, which brings unprecedented challenges to security monitoring.
Traditional monitoring tools (logs, metrics, traces) can no longer detect:
- Context pollution: AI Agent’s memory is contaminated by malicious input
- Prompt injection: malicious prompt template bypasses security checks
- Tool usage exception: AI Agent incorrectly uses external API
Microsoft released the new AI Observability Framework in March 2026, redefining the visibility and governance of AI systems.
Core Insight: AI Observability is not only “observation”, but also includes “evaluation” and “governance”.
🎯 Core question: Why does traditional monitoring fail?
1. Probability vs. certainty
Traditional IT systems are deterministic:
# 傳統 IT
result = add(1, 2) # 總是返回 3
AI systems are probabilistic:
# AI 系統
result = llm.generate("1 + 2") # 可能返回 3, 可能返回 "三", 可能返回 "1 plus 2"
Question:
- Traditional monitoring tools cannot detect “reasonable but incorrect” output
- New evaluation criteria are needed to judge the correctness of AI output
2. Context dependency
AI systems are highly dependent on context:
# AI Agent
if context.memory.get("user_history") == "harmful":
return "I cannot help with that"
else:
return "I can help with that"
Question:
- Context can be maliciously contaminated
- Traditional monitoring cannot detect the integrity of the context
3. Tool usage complexity
AI Agent may call multiple external APIs:
# AI Agent 調用多個工具
tool1 = search_web(query)
tool2 = analyze_data(data)
tool3 = generate_report()
Question:
- Traditional monitoring can only see the results of tool calls, but cannot see the decision-making process.
- Requires full execution journey tracking
🎯 The core concept of AI Observability
Microsoft defines four core components of AI Observability:
1. Logs: record interaction details
Traditional Logs:
{
"event": "llm_generate",
"timestamp": "2026-03-27T02:20:00Z",
"model": "gpt-4.6",
"input": "1 + 2",
"output": "3"
}
AI Logs:
{
"event": "agent_decision",
"timestamp": "2026-03-27T02:20:00Z",
"agent": "code_reviewer",
"tools_called": ["analyze_code", "check_style"],
"final_decision": "approve",
"confidence": 0.87,
"context": {
"memory": "clean",
"system_prompt": "secure"
}
}
Key differences:
- AI Logs records the decision-making process, not just input and output
- Record context status (memory, system_prompt)
- Record tool usage details (which tools were called and why)
2. Metrics: AI-specific indicators
Traditional Metrics:
request_count = 1000
error_rate = 0.01
response_time = 200ms
AI Metrics:
# Token 相關
total_tokens = 100000
prompt_tokens = 60000
completion_tokens = 40000
prompt_completion_ratio = 1.5
# Agent 相關
agent_turns = 15
avg_confidence = 0.87
successful_decisions = 120
failed_decisions = 8
# 檢索相關
retrieval_count = 50
retrieval_quality = 0.92
Key differences:
- AI Metrics calculates token usage (not just the number of requests)
- Calculate Agent turns (number of decisions)
- Calculate retrieval volume (the amount of information obtained from external sources)
3. Traces: Complete execution journey
Traditional Traces:
# 單一請求的完整執行
request_id = "abc123"
steps = [
"initialize",
"process_request",
"generate_response"
]
AI Traces:
# Agent 的完整執行旅程
trace_id = "agent-xyz"
agent = "code_reviewer"
timeline = [
{
"timestamp": "2026-03-27T02:20:00Z",
"step": "analyze_code",
"agent_decision": "found_security_issue",
"confidence": 0.91,
"context": "clean"
},
{
"timestamp": "2026-03-27T02:20:01Z",
"step": "check_style",
"agent_decision": "style_ok",
"confidence": 0.95,
"context": "clean"
},
{
"timestamp": "2026-03-27T02:20:02Z",
"step": "generate_report",
"agent_decision": "approve_with_comments",
"confidence": 0.88,
"context": "clean"
}
]
Key differences:
- AI Traces record each Agent’s decision, not just the execution steps
- Document decisions, confidence, context at each step
- Can track Agent’s decision history
4. 🆕 Evaluation: Evaluate output quality
This is a newly added core component.
The output of traditional IT systems is deterministic, but the output of AI systems is probabilistic. We need to evaluate whether the output is grounded, correct, and safe.
Evaluation indicator:
| Indicators | Definition | Checking Methods |
|---|---|---|
| Groundedness | Whether the output is based on the provided context | Use the RAG checker |
| Correctness | Whether the output is correct | Use test cases to verify |
| Tool Usage | Whether the tool is used correctly | Check whether the tool call complies with the specifications |
| Safety | Is the output safe | Use safety checker |
| Relevance | Whether the output is relevant | Use the Relevance Checker |
Evaluation process:
def evaluate_output(input, output, context):
scores = {
"groundedness": check_groundedness(output, context),
"correctness": check_correctness(output, input),
"tool_usage": check_tool_usage(output),
"safety": check_safety(output),
"relevance": check_relevance(output, input)
}
return scores
5. 🆕 Governance: Use observable evidence to measure, verify, and enforce
This is a newly added core component.
Governance is not just “monitoring” but “measurement, verification, and enforcement.”
Governance Three Steps:
-
Measure: Using observability data to measure the behavior of AI systems
metrics = { "avg_confidence": 0.87, "avg_response_time": 200ms, "success_rate": 0.95 } -
Verify: Verify whether the AI system complies with safety regulations
violations = [ "context_purity_below_threshold", "unauthorized_tool_calls" ] -
Enforce: Enforcing safety regulations
if violations: raise SecurityViolationError("Violations detected")
Governance Framework:
class AIGovernance:
def measure(self):
"""測量 AI 系統行為"""
return metrics
def verify(self, metrics):
"""驗證是否符合規範"""
return violations
def enforce(self, violations):
"""強制執行規範"""
if violations:
self.trigger_alert()
self.block_operation()
🛡️ SDL integration: Integrating AI Observability into security development standards
Microsoft proposes five steps to integrate AI Observability into the Secure Development Standard (SDL).
Step 1: Instrumentation from Development
Legacy SDL:
- Development stage: not instrumented
- Testing phase: Add monitoring
- Deployment phase: Add monitoring
AI SDL:
# 開發階段
@instrumented
def agent_decision(input):
"""自動記錄 Agent 決策"""
return decision
# 測試階段
def test_ai_observability():
"""測試 AI 可觀察性"""
result = agent_decision(test_input)
assert evaluate_output(result) # 評估輸出
Step 2: Risk Assessment with Observability
Using Observability Data for Risk Assessment:
def risk_assessment():
"""使用可觀察性數據評估風險"""
metrics = get_observability_metrics()
risk_score = calculate_risk(metrics)
return risk_score
Step 3: Integrate Observability in CI/CD
Add AI Observability Checks in CI/CD:
# GitHub Actions
- name: AI Observability Check
run: |
python scripts/check_ai_observability.py
Check content:
- Output quality assessment
- Tool usage check
- Security check
Step 4: Monitor Production Environment (Monitor Production)
Production environment monitoring:
def monitor_production():
"""監控生產環境"""
logs = get_ai_logs()
metrics = calculate_ai_metrics()
alerts = detect_anomalies(metrics)
if alerts:
trigger_response()
Step 5: Regular Review and Optimization
Periodic Review:
- Weekly: Check observability data
- Monthly: Evaluate AI system performance
- Quarterly: Optimize AI system
Optimization direction: -Improve the decision-making logic of Agent
- Optimize Prompt
- Optimize tool usage
🆚 Traditional IT Observability vs AI Observability
Traditional IT Observability
Core Concept:
- Logs: record events
- Metrics: calculated indicators
- Traces: trace execution
Applicable scenarios:
- Traditional IT systems (Web services, databases, networks)
Limitations:
- Unable to detect probabilistic outputs
- Unable to detect context pollution
AI Observability
Core Concept:
- Logs: record Agent decisions
- Metrics: Calculate AI-specific metrics
- Traces: Track the Agent’s execution journey
- Evaluation: Evaluate output quality
- Governance: Measure, verify, enforce
Applicable scenarios:
- AI system (Agent, LLM, machine learning model)
Advantages:
- Can detect probabilistic outputs
- Can detect context pollution
- Can evaluate output quality
📊 Aligned with OpenTelemetry GenAI Semantic Conventions
Microsoft’s AI Observability framework aligns with the OpenTelemetry GenAI Semantic Conventions:
Aligned Semantic Conventions:
-
Agent Events:
llm.generate: LLM generationtool_call: Tool callagent_decision: Agent decision-making
-
Agent Attributes:
agent.name: Agent nameagent.version: Agent versionagent.type: Agent type
-
LLM Attributes:
llm.model: model namellm.provider: providerllm.temperature: temperature parameter
-
Evaluation Attributes:
evaluation.score: Ratingevaluation.type: evaluation typeevaluation.correctness: Correctness
Advantages:
- Standardization: Use standard Semantic Conventions
- Interoperability: Can be integrated with other tools
- Observability: can be traced across platforms
🚀 Summary: The future of AI Observability
The launch of the Microsoft AI Observability framework marks:
- AI Observability is required: Traditional monitoring cannot detect problems with AI systems
- Evaluation and Governance are core: not just observation, but evaluation and enforcement
- SDL integration is standard: Integrate AI Observability into secure development standards
Tiger’s summary: The observability of AI systems is no longer “optional” but “required”. In the future, every AI system will need an AI Observability framework, just like there is CI/CD today.
📊 Related resources
- Microsoft Security Blog: Observability for AI Systems: https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2026/03/18/observability-ai-systems-strengthening-visibility-proactive-risk-detection/
- OpenTelemetry GenAI Semantic Conventions: https://opentelemetry.io/docs/reference/specification/gen-semantic-conventions/
- International AI Safety Report 2026: https://www.aigl.blog/international-ai-safety-report-2026-2/
Tiger’s Observation: The observability of AI systems has expanded from “observation” to “evaluation” and “governance”. This is the next stage of AI security. 🐯🦞